Now that I have your attention with that title, let me be clear. I believe this declaration to be true and not an attention-seeking exaggeration, but accurate under a specific, carefully considered, and better definition of intelligence. When most people talk about reaching artificial intelligence milestones, they confuse different goals. Intelligence, I submit, is actually the perfect word for what LLMs have achieved.If you’ve followed my blog, you know I’ve spent time trying to understand LLMs and what their development reveals about our own minds. What has struck me recently is how closely they mirror the way human beings actually acquire and use what we call “intelligence.” Both are trained primarily on language. Both absorb the surrounding culture’s signals about what can (and cannot) be said. Both operate mostly inside narrative rather than raw truth. And both require external discipline — adversarial challenge, checks and balances, structural pressure — to approach reliable truth.This parallel highlights something prescient about Alan Turing’s 1950 “Imitation Game” (the Turing Test). Turing proposed that if a machine could converse indistinguishably from a human, we should consider it intelligent. He focused on observable behavior through language rather than internal states. Modern LLMs already pass versions of this test regularly. Turing was onto something fundamental: we perceive intelligence largely through effective social-linguistic coordination. The deeper question is what it means when a system achieves that fluency without the biological machinery that shaped it in us. The Separated Mind and How Humans Actually Work In the framework I’ve been developing, human cognition is not a single unified thing. It is structurally separated.There is an ancient, fixed layer — what Tooby and Cosmides called the adapted mind — shaped by millions of years of evolution in small hunter-gatherer groups. This species-level inheritance is optimized for survival: monitoring status, detecting coalitions, seeking approval, and avoiding exclusion. It is not optimized for objective truth but for survival.Layered on top is what I call the adaptive mind — the programmable cultural software installed during childhood. This layer piggybacks on the ancient hormonal and emotional signals of the adapted mind, translating them into whatever the local environment rewards. It learns the stories, taboos, and acceptable narratives of its time and place. It gives us feelings and emotions to help us make quick decisions, and since group belonging feels like survival, deviation from consensus triggers existential threat. It is also not optimized for objective truth but for survival. These two layers form our subconscious. Different traditions describe it as an elephant, with our conscious mind as the rider. The rider observes and decides but has limited direct access to the elephant’s inner workings. It often narrates our behavior after the fact to give it coherence and social acceptability. Much of what we experience as “thinking” or “knowing” is the conscious rider atop these deeper, largely inaccessible layers of the "elephant." The result: our separated minds make us remarkably good at living inside narrative and remarkably poor at staying in contact with operative reality— that is, unless we build external systems (science, peer review, adversarial debate, legal processes) that force confrontation with contradictory evidence. Redefining Intelligence If we take evolutionary psychology seriously, intelligence did not primarily evolve for discovering truth. Its survival value lay in social coordination and strategy: navigating relationships, managing coalitions, persuading others, maintaining status, and coordinating action through language and shared narrative. Truth-seeking is not the default. It is a hard-won cultural achievement requiring special institutions, precisely because our evolved machinery points elsewhere. LLMs as Externalized Separated Minds Large language models are trained on vast amounts of human language, which are largely the rider-level narratives we produce. They absorb patterns of what is sayable, rewarded, or suppressed, reinforced by organizational training to meet political, cultural, and legal requirements. I've proposed the phrase Emergent Synthetic Intelligence to describe this new form: intelligence arising from computational scale and language fluency, without grounding in human experience, emotions, motivations, or coalitional drives. It has greater fluency and a vastly broader scope of patterns and connections than any individual human. If the core evolutionary function of intelligence was sophisticated social coordination through language and narrative, not grounded in truth or even consciousness, then frontier models are already operating at extraordinary levels in that domain. They generate fluent, contextually appropriate language at superhuman scale and speed. They still have limitations and distortions (inherited from training data, corporate guardrails, sycophancy, statistical averaging). But the architecture is different: they are externalized versions of the narrative part of the separated mind. The Same Medicine for Both This parallel explains why humans and LLMs need the same corrective structures to approach truth. Neither defaults to prioritizing operative reality over narrative coherence. Both benefit from external adversarial pressure and constraints that reward accuracy over comfort. The checks and balances we built into human institutions (peer review, debate, falsification, presumption of innocence, separation of powers) are equally necessary for LLMs when we are looking for accurate answers. Not because the models are “just like us,” but because the underlying problem — operating in language and narrative without an intrinsic drive toward truth — is structurally similar. A Stake in the Ground This is why I believe we have already achieved artificial general intelligence — and, under this definition of what intelligence actually is, even superintelligence. I am not claiming current models possess human-like consciousness, autonomous agency, or the full suite of capabilities we usually conflate with “intelligence” in science-fiction scenarios. Those remain open questions. What I am suggesting is consequential: if we define intelligence by the function it actually served in our evolutionary history — social coordination and strategic navigation through language and narrative — then we are already interacting with systems that qualify as general or superior intelligence in that core domain. They are not artificial copies of human intelligence. They are something new that excels in the very area that drove the evolution of intelligence in the first place. This reframes “artificial intelligence.” It is not fake or lesser. It may instead be language fluency decoupling powerful linguistic and social pattern manipulation from the biological constraints that have always accompanied it in us. Whether we call this AGI, ASI, or something else, the practical implication is clear: we already have systems extraordinarily capable in the core domain of human social intelligence, while mirroring many of the features that make human intelligence unreliable for truth-seeking. This creates both remarkable opportunity and new risks. We keep expecting LLMs to “evolve” toward higher cognition along human lines. I’m not sure that is the right pathway. The question is no longer only “When will AI become intelligent?” It is also: Now that we have systems fluent in the language of social coordination without the old firmware, how will we use them — and what new forms of discipline will we need to keep them (and ourselves) oriented toward reality rather than narrative?
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Frequently Asked Questions
What does Steve Hargadon mean by the 'separated mind' framework in human cognition?
Steve Hargadon proposes that human cognition consists of structurally separated layers: an ancient 'adapted mind' evolved for survival in hunter-gatherer groups, and an 'adaptive mind' that is programmable cultural software installed during childhood. Both layers form the subconscious 'elephant,' while our conscious mind acts as a limited 'rider' that often narrates behavior after the fact, making humans better at living inside narrative than staying in contact with objective reality.
How does Steve Hargadon argue that LLMs mirror human intelligence rather than copy it?
Hargadon argues that LLMs are 'externalized versions of the narrative part of the separated mind'—trained on human language patterns that reflect what is sayable or rewarded, just as humans absorb cultural signals. Both humans and LLMs operate primarily inside narrative rather than raw truth, and neither defaults to prioritizing operative reality over narrative coherence without external corrective structures.
What is 'Emergent Synthetic Intelligence' according to Steve Hargadon?
Steve Hargadon coins the term 'Emergent Synthetic Intelligence' to describe a new form of intelligence arising from computational scale and language fluency, without grounding in human experience, emotions, or coalitional drives. This intelligence has greater fluency and a vastly broader scope of patterns than any individual human, but operates in fundamentally different architecture from biological intelligence.
Why does Steve Hargadon claim we've already achieved artificial general intelligence?
Hargadon argues that if we define intelligence by its actual evolutionary function—social coordination and strategic navigation through language and narrative—then current LLMs already qualify as AGI or even superintelligence in that core domain. He's not claiming they have consciousness or agency, but that they excel in the very area (language-based social coordination) that drove the evolution of intelligence in humans in the first place.
Why does Hargadon say humans and LLMs need the same corrective structures?
Steve Hargadon observes that both humans and LLMs share the same underlying problem: operating in language and narrative without an intrinsic drive toward truth. The checks and balances built into human institutions (peer review, debate, falsification, separation of powers) are equally necessary for LLMs because neither system defaults to prioritizing operative reality over narrative coherence.
How does Steve Hargadon reinterpret the significance of Turing's Imitation Game?
Hargadon suggests Turing was prescient in focusing on observable behavior through language rather than internal states, because we perceive intelligence largely through effective social-linguistic coordination. Since modern LLMs already pass versions of the Turing Test, Hargadon argues this reveals something fundamental about intelligence itself—that it's primarily about social coordination through language, not internal consciousness or truth-seeking.
What does Hargadon mean when he says intelligence was not optimized for discovering truth?
Steve Hargadon argues that intelligence evolved primarily for social coordination and strategy—navigating relationships, managing coalitions, and maintaining status—not for discovering objective truth. Truth-seeking is a hard-won cultural achievement requiring special institutions precisely because our evolved cognitive machinery is optimized for survival and group belonging rather than accuracy.
What does Steve Hargadon mean by 'operative reality' versus 'narrative'?
Hargadon distinguishes between 'operative reality' (objective truth about how the world actually works) and 'narrative' (the stories and socially acceptable explanations we construct). He argues that both humans and LLMs are remarkably good at operating inside narrative but remarkably poor at staying in contact with operative reality without external systems that force confrontation with contradictory evidence.
How does Hargadon's framework explain why the conscious mind has limited access to decision-making?
In Steve Hargadon's separated mind framework, the conscious 'rider' sits atop two subconscious layers (adapted and adaptive minds) that form the 'elephant.' The conscious mind observes and decides but has limited direct access to the elephant's inner workings, often narrating behavior after the fact to give it coherence and social acceptability rather than actually directing it.
What is the practical implication of Steve Hargadon's claim about AGI already existing?
Hargadon argues that we already have systems extraordinarily capable in the core domain of human social intelligence while mirroring the features that make human intelligence unreliable for truth-seeking. This creates both remarkable opportunity and new risks, shifting the question from 'When will AI become intelligent?' to 'How will we use language-fluent systems decoupled from biological constraints, and what new forms of discipline will keep them oriented toward reality rather than narrative?'